![]() ![]() No problems with secondary antibody cross-reactivity.Immunoassays are considered direct or indirect depending on whether the primary antibody is labeled with a detection medium or whether a secondary labeled antibody is necessary for detection.ĭirect Immunoassay – The antigen is detected by a primary antibody, conjugated with a label for detection (enzyme, fluorophore, etc.). developed an ultra-sensitive competitive Simoa immunoassay that was approximately 50-fold more sensitive than conventional ELISA. Use Case: Competitive Immunoassays for the Detection of Small Molecules Non-competitive immunoassays have excess antibody binding sites and produce a signal directly proportional to the amount of analyte in the sample. Sequential assay – Incubating the sample with the antigen before adding the labeled analog increases sensitivity. Simultaneous or equilibrium assay – The most common method involves adding all components simultaneously. There is also a distinction between competitive immunoassays according to the order in which the analytes are added. Since the unlabeled analyte binds more readily than the labeled analog, the amount of bound labeled analyte is inversely proportional to the amount of analyte of interest. Immunoassays differ on the type of reaction method used and are either classified as competitive or non-competitive.Ĭompetitive immunoassays limit the number of antigen binding sites, forcing a target analyte and a labeled analog to compete for antibody binding. By leveraging this relationship, immunoassay technologies use an antibody or an antigen to detect a molecule of interest, known as an analyte. An antibody’s binding site is so exclusive to the antigen it targets, that it is often compared to a lock and key relationship. Immunoassay technologies take advantage of the body’s natural ability to detect bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances (known as antigens) and simulate an immune response resulting in the production or secretion of antibodies (Ab) specific to that antigen.Īntibodies are antigen-specific. They’re used in a wide variety of applications including drug discovery, clinical diagnostics, biopharmaceutical analysis, and environmental monitoring. Immunoassays (IA) are used to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules in a sample. If you’re well-versed in immunoassays - feel free to skip this section and move on to learning more about the pros, cons, and capabilities of various types of immunoassay technologies. A quick overview of immunoassay technologies In order to make the right choice for your lab, it’s important to understand the pros, cons, and capabilities of different types of immunoassays - both traditional and modern. Immunoassay technologies continue to evolve in such a way that a number of assays may be available to meet your research objectives. Is it time to retire your western blot or ELISA equipment? Not necessarily - but you may want to consider supplementing your research with some of the latest immunoassay technologies if you’re looking to detect proteins at ultra-low concentrations, quantify several proteins in a single sample, or ramp up your productivity. The Future of Immunoassays with Quanterix.Questions to Answer When Selecting an Immunoassay.Innovations in immunoassay technologies offer higher sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency. ![]() ![]() Traditional types of immunoassays remain relevant but have limitations.A quick overview of immunoassay technologies.
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